Genome Editing Essay - 1614 Words

Genome editing of germ line cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system Recent studies suggest that genome editing of germ line cells is an effective strategy for mutated gene correction in sperms and oocytes for the inhibition of onset of inherited disorder. The first time, germ line genome editing in human by CRISPR/Cas9 system , was carried out to correct mutation of HBB (Beta globin) gene in zygote of ÃŽ ²-thalassemia patients by homologous DNA recombination (HDR) [80, 81]. Embryonic genome editing utilized in the treatment of such monogenic diseases prior to birth is a rational use of embryonic genome editing in germ line cells. Homologous DNA recombination by traditional gene editing techniques in mammalian eggs has a low rate (10%) in term of†¦show more content†¦Because PGD usually is carried out by gametes prepared from parents. But parents who is confirmed by PGD to have a high risk of transmition of inherited genetic mutation to their children and want to have their own children, their gametes can be edited directly by Crisper/ca s9 to create healthy children.Nowdays germ line genome editing by programmable nuclease such as Crisper/cas9 is the most useful tool to treat genetic diseases with high risk of inheritance mutation transmition. Unresolved ethical problems still exist and are the main reason for delay onset of clinical trials in this field. Large animal models can be utilized for a variety of monogenic diseases, particularly monogenic neurological disorders like HD and Duchene muscular dystrophy) DMD (. Specificity, efficacy, and side effects of germ line genome editing technology should be assessed by animal models before entering clinical trials. Generating mammalian models of neurodegenerative diseases using CRISPR/Cas9 Cas9 has been well studied. It belongs to the class II CRISPR/Cas system which is the main protein involved in small interfering CRISPR RNA (crRNA). CRISPR RNA often leads to the silencing of invader viruses and plasmids [72, 85]. Several in vitro surveys have shown that Cas9 is guided by gRNA composed of chimeric RNA. Chimeric RNA is composed of crRNA and tracrRNA. They are sufficient toShow MoreRelatedGenome Editing Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Genome editing is a huge leap forward in science and medicine. Because of recent advances in technology, the study of genes and induced ‘point’ mutations have led to the discovery and advancement of methods previously used in order to mutate genes. The development of Clusters of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR associated system 9 protein (Cas9) technology is a hugely significant leap forward as this is a tool that could potentially be used for theRead MoreEssay On Genome Editing943 Words   |  4 PagesThere still needs much to be done such as researching the appropriate risks and benefits for the clinical trials (Sciences Engineering medicine (20--). It is rapidly growing and increasing by making heritable genome editing of the embryo, egg, and sperm in the hopeful future (Sciences Engineering medicine (20--) It is very likely to be many years before CRISPR-cas9 is used in human beings. The main attention is drawn towards animal mod els or isolated human cells (CRIPSR 20--). The purpose of thisRead MoreThe Human Genome Is Not Just A Black And White Decision Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesOpposing Views Essay Genetically modifying the human genome is a topic that has been discussed for several decades, but just recently it is becoming a reality. Through many advancements of technology, the CRISPR method has emerged, and it is providing the opportunity for genetically modifying the human genome to take off. However, allowing the use of the CRISPR method is not just a black and white decision. Modifying the human genome is a hot debate in the science and medical fields todays. ArgumentsRead MoreSynthesis Essay On Genetic Technology718 Words   |  3 PagesGenetic Technologies Essay CRISPR Cas9 technology should be used to modify human and embryonic DNA. I support this claim because if we have the technology of CRISPR Cas9 and all of the advantages it entails to help people who want to have healthy children and to stop the inheritance of deadly genetic diseases, we should. CRISPR Cas9 has many advantages, but it has generated a lot of excitement in the scientific community because it is faster, cheaper, more accurate, and more efficient than otherRead MoreRecent Developments Of Gene Editing Technology And Their Potential Applications For Plants And Agriculture1338 Words   |  6 Pagesof money and resources. In this essay I will be discussing the recent developments in gene editing technology and their potential applications to plants and agriculture. The Basic Concept DNA codes for protein sequences. Proteins are crucial in all cellular activities and govern the phenotypes of organisms (Campbell et al., 2014). New techniques have been developed in which mutations can be induced in specific loci within DNA, this process is known as Gene editing. DNA is removed, replaced or editedRead MoreGenetic Engineering Technology1689 Words   |  7 PagesModern genetic engineering technologies are advancing, and genetically modifying a genome is becoming a reality. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated system (CAS9) genome editing system is the most advanced in use. CRISPR can edit a genome more accurately and with higher precision than any other system. The intended use of the CRISPR/CAS9 system is to insert a gene, delete a gene, or silence a gene, leading to powerful applications (ChristensenRead MoreApplication Of Crispr Cas System1003 Words   |  5 Pageseliminating this problem (Roberts, 2015, URL :http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-34506572). This essay will prove that CRISPR is highly effective and economic in reducing PERVs by further discussing the theory behind and the application of CRISPR Cas system in porcine cells. CRISPR Cas system is a crucial adaptive immune system in prokaryotic to protect them against virus and other foreign genome by degrading the genome (Jiang et al., 2015). CRISPR locus is essential in CRISPR Cas system which is a gene includingRead MoreRecent Developments In Gene Editing, Concerning The Modification1447 Words   |  6 PagesRecent developments in gene editing, concerning the modification of embryonic cells and its’ usefulness since the discovery of iPS cells Abstract This essay addresses the question â€Å"In light of the recent developments with iPS cells, is the genetic modification of human embryos justified?†. New gene editing software CRISPR has created cheaper and more accurate modification, making the editing of an embryo a possibility. There are concerns about this advancementRead MoreHIV : Useful Treatments For Infecting HIV807 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting people treatment according to UNAIDS1. However, a cure has not been found. With a rapidly changing virus, it will be hard to definitively create a cure anytime soon. However, there are a few new ways of treating the virus already infecting genomes of many people. These treatments will work with the current methods being used and will not be an alternative to them. The main treatments that will be discussed are the current Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), and the new CRISPR/CAS9Read MoreThe Future Of Genetic Modification Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagescreating an e ffective, purposeful bridge. No one likes a rickety bridge that sways precariously in the wind or, perhaps worse, a grand bridge to nowhere. The kind of engineering needed for our policy bridges of the future is genetic in nature. Gene editing used to be a relatively painful and laborious process until the development of CRISPR. In short (and seriously abridging the complex science), CRISPR stands for â€Å"Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats† and are segments of genetic

The Rise Of The Islamic State In Iraq And Syria - 958 Words

The rise of the so-called â€Å"Islamic State† (IS) in Iraq and Syria has brought the Middle East to the focus of the international concern, especially powers such as America and Russia. This terrorist force has emerged from religious minorities to a considerable organized group of terrorists, carried out brutal attacks at both standing governments and civilians. A number of Muslim youth from different regions have volunteered to join the group, generating numerous security challenges not only to Muslim countries but also various other nations. This essay is aimed at giving an account of the rise of IS, creating a foundation for discussing how the foreign policy of governments should respond. To do this, the emergence of the IS will be briefed†¦show more content†¦The coalition began bombing IS in mid-2014 and carried out more than 14,090 air strikes in Iraq and Syria till July 2016, roughly 77 percent of which was implemented by America. In Syria, America started a three-year program in 2015 to train and equip almost five thousand â€Å"appropriately vetted elements of the Syrian opposition† to attack IS. As a result, the efforts of the U.S in the war against IS have gained significant results in spite of various short-comings. America has succeeded in creating a coalition of 18 countries against IS and generally gained the international support in the war against terrorism. President Obama emphasized that â€Å"the strength of the coalition make it clear to the world that this is not Americas fight alone. Besides, IS was weakened operationally and tactically. Its flow of money has been cut off. Abu Sayyaf, a senior ISIS leader, was killed. IS has lost 40 percent of its occupied territory in Iraq. A number of key cities such as Tikrit and Kobani in Iraq gained freedom. On the other side, it is debatable that the war against IS has been costly but it has not solved the problems properly. According to the Pentagon, the cost of the airst rikes against IS is estimated at $7.6 million per day, over a billion dollars in total. Notably, the situation in Iraq and Syri has remained uncertain. TheShow MoreRelatedIs The Threat Of International Security?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesvillages and cities. ISIS sees itself as the Islamic Caliphate and controls lots of land in western Iraq and eastern Syria. They also pledge allegiance from different radical Islamic groups around the world. ISIS started from U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. Saddam Hussein fighters were left without a job, and they were furious. Al Qaeda chose to capitalize on their anger and established al Qaeda in Iraq, to wage an insurgency against U.S. troops in Iraq (Saddam was secular, but his intelligence andRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Islamic State, otherwise called the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), takes after an unmistakable assortment of Islam whose convictions about the way to the Day of Judgment matter to its system, and can help the West know its adversary and foresee its conduct. Its ascent to power is less like the triumph of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (a gathering whose pioneers the Islamic State considers faithless people) than like the acknowledgment of a tragic substitute reality. The White HouseRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham1471 Words   |  6 PagesJoshua Bacon Ed Rowe American Security Overview 26 January 2016 The Islamic State, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), follows a distinct variety of Islam whose beliefs about the path to the Day of Judgment define its strategy, and can help the West know its enemy and predict its behavior. Its rise to power is less like the triumph of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (a group whose leaders the Islamic State considers apostates) than like the realization of a dystopian alternateRead MoreHow Great Was the Impact of the Rise of Religious Fundamentalism in the Middle East on Regional Security from 1970 to 2000?1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe rise of religious fundamentalism in the Middle East mostly had a negative impact on regional security from 1970 to 2000. There were many reasons for the rise and it was mainly due to the Islamic fundamentalism as they were described as a turning point. Regional security refers to the security concerns and well being of the regional states in the Middle East. Religious fundamentalism was initially caused by the desire to recreate the golden age of the religion and improving the present, yetRead MoreIt Is Extremely Difficult To Define What Terrorism Is,1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthey attacked in fear. In the years after September 11th 2001 the United States waged a war on Iraq that was described as Operation Iraqi Freedom which was meant to rid Iraq of all weapons of mass destruction and help it rebuild its army. This war ended up not helping Iraq in the ways that the United States had hoped, instead, the United States’ involvement in Iraq and now Syria has caused a growing distrust in the United States by its own citizens as well as citizens of other countries. OperationRead MoreIsis Existence Of The Middle East1378 Words   |  6 PagesSalafi group that follows an extreme interpretation of Islam and promotes religious violence. ISIS has been on a running climb to power and control in the Middle East. The rise of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamist militant group that has took over huge parts of land stretching from northern Syria to central Iraq, and it has struck fear into the hearts of leaders around the world. The main reason ISIS is so terrifying and trending the world right now is because that the group ISISRead MoreThe Rise Of The Islamic State1707 Words   |  7 PagesISIS Essay: The Rise of ISIS The rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or also sometimes known as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is an extremist Islamic militant group that has based themselves from around North Syria to the Central part of Iraq. ISIS is has been run by Abu Bakr al Baghdadi since May 2010 and has terrified people from all around the world with their extreme use of violence to get what they want. The group originally began in 2004 with the name Al QaedaRead MoreThe Islamic State Is No More A Collection Of Psychopaths1716 Words   |  7 PagesISIS stands for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The Obama administration prefers the term ISIL which means the Islamic State in Levant. The term Levant literally means the rising; in reference to the land where the sun rises. However, many western news have decided to switch and call the group by the name Islamic State. ISIS finds its roots after the invasion in 2003 of Iraq by the United States. â€Å"ISIS is a Sunni jihadist group born in 2004 in Iraq. Known at the time as a cell of al-Qaeda - Al QaedaRead MoreAmericas Futile Fight Against Terrorism and ISIS866 Words   |  4 Pagescountries. It’s difficult for Western powers to understand that it is the cutting down of that one leader that gives rise to the others. In the wake of 9/11, the American approach to the war on Terror has poured oil on what was once a small fire of fundamentalist fervour. This is not to say that fundamentalism did not have a public and influential role in the politics of many Middle Eastern states, but instead that the spectacle of 9/11 and the reaction provoked served to give a platform to fundamentalistRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1746 Words   |  7 Pages The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is the newer and more intimidating version of the famous terrorist group Al Qaeda. The group makes an appearance in the news almost every day. Over the past couple of years, they have multiplied in numbers. Not limited only to the Middle East, there are people all over the world who have proclaimed allegiance to ISIS. The Islamic extremist group has set out to destroy anything or anyone that comes in their way or do not agree with what they stand for. In

Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre and Three Branches

Question: Discuss about the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre and Three Branches. Answer: Introduction Brisbane outdoor Power Centre has evolved from run of the mill, one single retail store to the thriving business consisting of three stores. The stores have become huge hit among customers and customers prefer to buy from these stores even they know they are paying little extra for it. It is because Brisbane outdoor power center is known for its knowledgeable staff and deep consultancy it provides to its customers. It has excellent after sales and products of high quality, which makes it very popular among consumers. However, all the stores are operated independently in managing their inventory and purchasing. This results in inefficiencies in the system and there is huge scope of involvement. Founder member, Mr. Saxon has quite non-interference approach as long as the all the stores are running in profits. With the change in Management, i.e. Ms. Green overtaking all the Brisbane power center business, she has a different approach. She was quick to spot the downside of the existing s ystem. Current purchasing and inventory management processes The case study presents that Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre was established as a one center company that expanded in three retail outlets. The first store of the company was making profits and therefore, the company acquired two more stores. However, there are certain loopholes in the purchasing and inventory management system of the company (Turkyilmaz, 2015). The process of purchasing and inventory management is not horrible. However, there is definitely a scope of improvement. The current purchasing management processes are not matured as all the retail outlets have their own processes. It is possible that all the retail outlets are reaching out to common set of suppliers, but in an independent manner and as a result the company is not able to get the best deal from suppliers (Rogers, 2013). The current purchasing management processes of the company could be improved to have a common system. It would reduce the overall negotiation effort of the company and consequently the purchasing system would be systematic in the company. There also exist various gaps in the existing inventory management system of the company. The company has decentralized inventory management system, wherein all the stores take their own decision about the inventory management. The safety stock also differs across different stores and this reduces the overall efficiency of the organization. The decentralized method of inventory management system is a old and traditional method. The three inventory managers of three different stores have their own calculations about the stock in hand and the order to be placed. This is not a good inventory management practiced as it leads to completely different, independent and exclusive inventory management systems of three stores. Comparative advantages and disadvantages of the currently used processes? There are various advantages and disadvantages of the currently used processes of purchasing management system and inventory management system. It is important that Ms. Green should be able to take the benefits of all the advantages and overcome all the disadvantages in the system. The specific advantages and disadvantages in the current system can be discussed as: Advantages of current process Managing one store by the local management will result in quick decision-making and also the time to procure will be less (Konur, 2016). Customer grievances can be handled in more effective way by each store if they are handling independently. Customer returns, replacement will take little time and each customer will get a personnel attention of the measurement which is very good for any business. The independent control can create a sense of ownership among all the employees and this could be difficult to achieve in a centralized system. Disadvantages of current process There are many disadvantages of the current purchasing and inventory management systems. Few of them are as follows: It simply adds to the cost of inventory management and purchasing management as all the stores have to manage this locally at their end. It reduces the chances of any negotiation or bulk discounts. Due to the independent inventory management and purchasing processes of the stores, the stores can never actually cut a deal from the suppliers. Different retail stores can have different goals and focus on different values. It is possible that one store is focusing on having diversified products while other is focusing on providing high quality material to customers. Different values will lead to different experience in different stores (Ellram Weber, 2013). It is possible that every store is lacking the inventory management expert and inventory is maintained based on intuitions without any real basis. Also, if all the retail stores are having the inventory experts, then the Brisbane Outdoor Power is paying salary to same type of skilled guy 3 times. Same inventory expert can manage the inventory for all the 3 stores. Supply-chain and inventory management concepts to be used ? There is a scope of lot of improvement. The company can use the principles of Total Quality Management, Lean Management, Six-Sigma and Just in Time inventory management to have an effective system in place (Sinha Garg, 2016). Some of the inventory management concepts that the company should use can be discussed as: Focus on Optimal safety stock through JIT (Just in Time) The objective of the company should be to have optimal safety stock in all the three centers. It can be done if the company can have a centralized system with the use of Just in Time inventory management concept (Awudu Zhang, 2012). With the JIT concept, the company would be able to minimize the inventory handling cost. Quality Management and Six Sigma There are many techniques that address TQM in organization. One such technique is Six Sigma. Six Sigma is all about process improvement and defect reduction by measurement based techniques and tools (Yazdani, 2016). There are two methodologies in Six Sigma i.e. DMAIC and DMADV. DMAIC stand for define, measure, analyze, improve and control. This focusses on enhancing the current set of processes. The DMADV stands for define measure, analyze, design and verify. It is focused on making quality new processes of Six Sigma level. It identifies and removes all the defects, bringing the count to 3.4defects per million opportunities. Total Quality Management With the focus on Total Quality Management, this plan must consider quality as the basic component of the whole ecosystem. Another principle is continual improvement (Sinha, 2016). This revolves around meeting all the expectations of stakeholders by becoming more competitive and effective through analytics and strategic steps. But before making a judgment call, an organization needs to have data regarding the performance. For this, TQM needs to collect relevant data, analyze it and help the decision makers to make predictions and forecast the future trends. Another principal is to maintain communication across all the hierarchies of organization (Babatunde, 2015). Communication is essential to boost employees morale and motivate them to bring out the best to achieve high quality results. Lean Management Techniques It is important that the reorder points should be defined based on a consolidated data of all the stores. According to this strategy, inventory will be replenished as soon as the level just reaches the safety stock level (Rossin, 2012). Therefore, this approach will allow storing the safety inventory but not allowing the accumulation of excess inventory in the system. Recommendations for Ms. Green to restructure the purchasing and inventory functions There are many things that can be done by Ms Green to restructure the purchasing inventory functions of the company. All the retail stores should be standardized so that they store the products from similar brands operate on same goal aligned with the organization goals. The goal is that customer experience should be uniform across all the stores. Another approach is that company can store the material at one of the location, which is having enough space and then replenished the stores based on the requirement from that central location (Sridharan, 2013). This central location could be any new warehouse also but it will incur the cost and the more analysis is required for cost savings and expenses from sing the warehouse. Even if one of the stores can be made to store the material, it could result in increased costs for logistics.Finally, the most essential principle is focusing on the horizontal process. As all the small processes makes large processes and brings the required output, so each employee should be aware of organizations mission and vision. An organization can also incorporate ISO standards to calibrate the settings. All these principles result in exceeding what the customers and employees have expected. It is also recommended that the company and Ms. Green should focus on the theories and principles of Total Quality Management. The process of enhancement includes all the department and employees along with the backward and forward integration. It uses customer satisfaction to achieve long term success (Stadtler, 2015). The improvement of not just process and products is involved but also the culture of organization is aimed to be improved. Quality management system is considered as the successor of TQM. Conclusion The above report discuses the case of Brisbane Power Center. As a conclusion, it can be said that Ms. Green has taken a right step to identify the current drawbacks and loopholes in the existing systems. The report highlights that the company has three stores but all the three stores have their own inventory management system. It is recommended that the company should move towards a centralized inventory management system. At the same time, Ms. Green has to ensure that the individual rapport with the customers should not be compromised. The long term objective of the company should be to have effective supply chain management in place that could have a balance between efficiency and responsiveness. The principles of TQM would ensure that the quality is not compromised at the expense of cost. References Awudu, I., Zhang, J. (2012). Uncertainties and sustainability concepts in biofuel supply chain management: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(2), 1359-1368. Babatunde, Y., Sui Pheng, L. (2015). TQM implementation through ISO 9001: findings from Chinese construction firms in Nigeria.The TQM Journal,27(6), 671-682. Ellram, L. M., La Londe, B. J., Weber, M. M. (2013). Retail logistics.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Konur, D., Geunes, J. (2016). Supplier wholesale pricing for a retail chain: Implications of centralized vs. decentralized retailing and procurement under quantity competition.Omega. Leuschner, R., Rogers, D. S., Charvet, F. F. (2013). A Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Analysis of Supply Chain Integration and Firm Performance.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(2), 34-57. Rossin, D. (2012). Push-Pull Boundary Location, Information Quality, and Supply Chain Performance: An Exploratory Analysis.Journal of Global Business Issues,6(1), 7. Sinha, N., Garg, A. K., Dhall, N. (2016). Effect of TQM principles on performance of Indian SMEs: the case of automotive supply chain.The TQM Journal,28(3), 338-359. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sridharan, R., Simatupang, T. M. (2013). Power and trust in supply chain collaboration.International Journal of Value Chain Management,7(1), 76-96. Turkyilmaz, A., Bulak, M. E., Zaim, S. (2015). Assessment of TQM Practices as a Part of Supply Chain Management in Healthcare Institutions. International Journal of Supply Chain Management,4(4). Yazdani, B., Attafar, A., Shahin, A., Kheradmandnia, M. (2016). The impact of TQM practices on organizational learning case study: Automobile part manufacturing and suppliers of Iran.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,33(5), 574-596.

Social Welfare free essay sample

Welfare Historical Periods For The Early History of Social Welfare Policy in America you see a lot of early forms of governmental aid. The Elizabethan Poor Laws provided aid for those who were basically unemployed for example if a farmer’s crop does not produce that year, relatives would pitch in to aid that farmer so they could survive. As it progressed into the later years government was becoming more organized. Jobs were produced through industries in the city. In the Early Relief in the United States you saw forms of medical care, people who could not afford to take care of themselves or family members were placed under the care of someone who could afford to take care of them at a low cost. In the Rural to Urban Migration people would migrate from poor communities to cities hoping to find jobs there, to make a better life for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Welfare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You see this today in migration from other countries to America people come here to start a new life because of the better job opportunities. In the Progressive Era you would see people higher in society sacrificing things to help out the poor. You would also see people seeking to hold some sort of governmental office giving things to the poor to gain votes. You see this all the time today when politicians run for office, they always promise or do something to gain votes. In this period you see a lot of early forms of American government, even though they are basic they progressed into something much greater. In The Great Depression and FDR’s New Deal you see how America’s social welfare changed for forever. The stock market crashed and sent America directly into a depression, with this unemployment went through the roof. FDR’s New Deal called for relief, recovery, and reform. Things such as food assistance, and temporary work programs came into effect which you still see today. There is unemployment pay and food stamps today that allow those who do not have a job or simply can’t afford to pay for life’s essentials. Franklin D Roosevelt deal was also called for social insurance for those who were retired, which you still see this today with Social Security it is basically the exact same thing. In the More Expansion of Social Welfare the COLAs played a very significant social welfare change at this time. COLAs or cost-of-living-adjustments were designed to keep programs such as Social Security, SSI, and food stamp benefits in line with inflation. This allowed for people who were on these programs to still be able to afford the basic needs of life even though the price was going up. You do still kind of see this today, but programs like Social Security are struggling to survive. In the Regan and Bush Years the Privatizing of Public Services was a major change in social welfare. This allowed for programs such as child services to run by private’s organizations which allowed for them to be more cost efficient. This also impacted it in a negative way although it was more cost efficient they were unable to gauge how well these companies were working. Also by making these through private organizations many jobs were lost. The Presidential Years of Bill Clinton the Budget Enforcement Act played a major role in social welfare. This act allowed for the lessening of Americas debt. With this, certain things had to be cut such as money being spent in the DOD. You see this today in our economy since we are in a recession, the only way to reduce debt is to reduce spending and increase taxes. The budget this year for the DOD has been reduced and in major defense departments. Also like the BEA certain programs have been cut or reduced to cut spending. The George W. Bush Presidency had one major event that impacted our social welfare. September 11, 2001 changed a lot of not only in every Americas lives but also majorly in our defense departments. On September 14, 2001 congress authorized Bush to use any force necessary to retaliate against these terrorist attacks. Also Department Homeland Security (DHS) was increased after these attacks, things such as airport security became and other DHS agencies became just as important as the war in Iraq. With this more jobs were created but more money was spent. Our debt increased majorly but it was necessary to our survival. We are still fighting the war in the Middle East so our debt hasn’t stopped increasing. Jobs are being lost, so unemployment is still up, spending on healthcare for wounded soldiers is up, and our debt is through the roof all because of one day. Barack Obama’s Presidency: Year One is American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Had the biggest impact on social welfare. It aided recovery programs, they were to help with those who were unemployed. Although unemployment nearly doubled the money they barrowed helped stabilize America’s economy. Although temporarily stabilized, unemployment was still up and the economy was still in debt.